Chris_Titan
07-15-2006, 08:54 AM
Ancient Secrets of Modern Science
reposted from:
http://www.markjoyner.name/forums/simpleology-103/2833-ancient-secrets-modern-science.html
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Heterogeneity in Cerebral Metabolism and Blood Flow
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2005) 25, S707. doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9591524.0708 Published online 30 August 2005
Symposium
Brain energy metabolism: Role of variable oxygen tensions during neuronal activity
Albert Gjedde1,2 and Manouchehr S Vafaee1,2
1PET Center, Aarhus University Hospitals, Aarhus, Denmark
2Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
We developed an equation which relates blood flow and oxygen metabolic rates in the brain to the oxygen tension in mitochondria (Gjedde et al. (2005) Cerebral metabolic response to low blood flow: Possible role of cytochrome oxidase inhibition. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 25: in press). The equation is based on the assumption that net delivery of oxygen to brain tissue (J) is regulated by the tissue's conductivity of oxygen (L). Then, the difference between the respective average tensions of oxygen in brain capillaries and mitochondria (PO2cap for capillaries, PO2mit for mitochondria): J = L (PO2cap - PO2mit). This equation can be modified by the Hill equation of oxygen's saturations of hemoglobin in arteries and veins (SaO2 and SvO2), which are functions of oxygen's tension in the capillaries, the Hill coefficient (h), and oxygen's half-saturation tension (P50): J = L (P50 [(SaO2+SvO2)/(2-SaO2-SvO2)]∧(1/h) - PO2mit). This formula was used to evaluate the relationship between increments of brain work and average mitochondrial oxygen tensions. Increments of brain work were obtained by finger-tapping motions at the rate of 3 steps per second during PET-scanning for blood flow and oxygen consumption. Visual cortex stimulation sustains prolonged increases of oxygen consumption, but motor activity sustains a biphasic change of oxygen consumption in which the later decline correlates with exertion and fatigue (Figure 1 panel A). Oxygen's saturation of arteries and cerebral veins were computed from blood samples and the net extraction fraction of oxygen, and mitochondrial oxygen tensions were computed from the equation. The extraction fraction varied little (panel B), despite substantial focal changes of oxygen consumption, revealing matching relative increments of blood flow and oxygen consumption, and consequently declining mitochondrial oxygen tensions, at the highest rates of oxygen consumption measured in SMA and right putamen (panel C). The conclusion that declining oxygen tension in key centers of the brain limits activity is supported by evidence of declining oxygen tension in brain prior to central fatigue caused by exertion in athletes in whom energy reserves still exist in muscle (Nybo & Secher (2004) Prog Neurobiol. 72: 223-61, (2003) Acta Physiol Scand. 179: ). The progressive decline of oxygen tensions in brain mitochondria during activity, and the sensitivity of exertion to this decline, may explain fatigue in general and the need to sleep in particular.
Not impossible to understand the main idea is that the net delivery of oxygen to brain tissue (J) is regulated by the tissue's conductivity of oxygen and that declining oxygen tension in key centers of the brain limits activity is supported by evidence of declining oxygen tension in brain prior to central fatigue caused by exertion in athletes in whom energy reserves still exist in muscle or that the brain absorbs oxygen as one of its primary energy supports.
This is not a new idea by any means.
Michel Foucault defines "episteme" in his work The Order of Things to mean the historical a-priori that grounds knowledge and its discourses and thus represents the condition of their possibility within a particular epoch.
What is new is that there is a growing "episteme" in western medicine that has only existed in cultures open to eastern religious ideas such as yoga. When I mentioned in the special offers forum that I was offering Amazing Secrets I was met with quite a bit of resistence. It took a recent reading of Foucault to realize that there is no "episteme" in our main stream culture that is prepared to receive such information. Without the "condidtion of possibility" being grounded in a-priori histrorical knowledge there is no way for the typical person to understand that there is a simple science behind the breath techniques that are offered in the book Amazing Secrets. There is no chance for acceptance until this "episteme" be established.
It is my hope that even this short snip of scientific research will show the avenue that I would like to explore.
In the first lesson you learn some very foreign words and some ideas that at first are going to make you roll your eyes. There is an idea that each of the nostrils has a different quality of energy to it and that by properly regulating these qualities you can produce certain effects.
Your average guru will tell you that it is active and passive spirit and let you deal with it from there.
I have a different speculation.
We are all very familiar with the bi-cameral nature of the brain. Left brain does math and the right brain does art. Do you remeber that book Drawing with the Right Side of the Brain where you used your left hand? It was really cool.
The idea of the human brain having two qualities divided between the two lobes of the brain is a accepted scientific idea.
From the above research we have learned that the body absorbs oxygen by saturation of arteries and cerebral veins.
It is not hard to imagine that if we restricted the breath to one nostril that we would mechanically saturate the arteries and cerebral veins of just one lobe and enhance the qualities of that lobe.
It is a simple science where daily exercize gradually enhances the body's ability to absord oxygen and metabolism increases.
For more information:
http://www.borderlands.com/~christitan/amazingsecrets.html
reposted from:
http://www.markjoyner.name/forums/simpleology-103/2833-ancient-secrets-modern-science.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Heterogeneity in Cerebral Metabolism and Blood Flow
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2005) 25, S707. doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9591524.0708 Published online 30 August 2005
Symposium
Brain energy metabolism: Role of variable oxygen tensions during neuronal activity
Albert Gjedde1,2 and Manouchehr S Vafaee1,2
1PET Center, Aarhus University Hospitals, Aarhus, Denmark
2Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
We developed an equation which relates blood flow and oxygen metabolic rates in the brain to the oxygen tension in mitochondria (Gjedde et al. (2005) Cerebral metabolic response to low blood flow: Possible role of cytochrome oxidase inhibition. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 25: in press). The equation is based on the assumption that net delivery of oxygen to brain tissue (J) is regulated by the tissue's conductivity of oxygen (L). Then, the difference between the respective average tensions of oxygen in brain capillaries and mitochondria (PO2cap for capillaries, PO2mit for mitochondria): J = L (PO2cap - PO2mit). This equation can be modified by the Hill equation of oxygen's saturations of hemoglobin in arteries and veins (SaO2 and SvO2), which are functions of oxygen's tension in the capillaries, the Hill coefficient (h), and oxygen's half-saturation tension (P50): J = L (P50 [(SaO2+SvO2)/(2-SaO2-SvO2)]∧(1/h) - PO2mit). This formula was used to evaluate the relationship between increments of brain work and average mitochondrial oxygen tensions. Increments of brain work were obtained by finger-tapping motions at the rate of 3 steps per second during PET-scanning for blood flow and oxygen consumption. Visual cortex stimulation sustains prolonged increases of oxygen consumption, but motor activity sustains a biphasic change of oxygen consumption in which the later decline correlates with exertion and fatigue (Figure 1 panel A). Oxygen's saturation of arteries and cerebral veins were computed from blood samples and the net extraction fraction of oxygen, and mitochondrial oxygen tensions were computed from the equation. The extraction fraction varied little (panel B), despite substantial focal changes of oxygen consumption, revealing matching relative increments of blood flow and oxygen consumption, and consequently declining mitochondrial oxygen tensions, at the highest rates of oxygen consumption measured in SMA and right putamen (panel C). The conclusion that declining oxygen tension in key centers of the brain limits activity is supported by evidence of declining oxygen tension in brain prior to central fatigue caused by exertion in athletes in whom energy reserves still exist in muscle (Nybo & Secher (2004) Prog Neurobiol. 72: 223-61, (2003) Acta Physiol Scand. 179: ). The progressive decline of oxygen tensions in brain mitochondria during activity, and the sensitivity of exertion to this decline, may explain fatigue in general and the need to sleep in particular.
Not impossible to understand the main idea is that the net delivery of oxygen to brain tissue (J) is regulated by the tissue's conductivity of oxygen and that declining oxygen tension in key centers of the brain limits activity is supported by evidence of declining oxygen tension in brain prior to central fatigue caused by exertion in athletes in whom energy reserves still exist in muscle or that the brain absorbs oxygen as one of its primary energy supports.
This is not a new idea by any means.
Michel Foucault defines "episteme" in his work The Order of Things to mean the historical a-priori that grounds knowledge and its discourses and thus represents the condition of their possibility within a particular epoch.
What is new is that there is a growing "episteme" in western medicine that has only existed in cultures open to eastern religious ideas such as yoga. When I mentioned in the special offers forum that I was offering Amazing Secrets I was met with quite a bit of resistence. It took a recent reading of Foucault to realize that there is no "episteme" in our main stream culture that is prepared to receive such information. Without the "condidtion of possibility" being grounded in a-priori histrorical knowledge there is no way for the typical person to understand that there is a simple science behind the breath techniques that are offered in the book Amazing Secrets. There is no chance for acceptance until this "episteme" be established.
It is my hope that even this short snip of scientific research will show the avenue that I would like to explore.
In the first lesson you learn some very foreign words and some ideas that at first are going to make you roll your eyes. There is an idea that each of the nostrils has a different quality of energy to it and that by properly regulating these qualities you can produce certain effects.
Your average guru will tell you that it is active and passive spirit and let you deal with it from there.
I have a different speculation.
We are all very familiar with the bi-cameral nature of the brain. Left brain does math and the right brain does art. Do you remeber that book Drawing with the Right Side of the Brain where you used your left hand? It was really cool.
The idea of the human brain having two qualities divided between the two lobes of the brain is a accepted scientific idea.
From the above research we have learned that the body absorbs oxygen by saturation of arteries and cerebral veins.
It is not hard to imagine that if we restricted the breath to one nostril that we would mechanically saturate the arteries and cerebral veins of just one lobe and enhance the qualities of that lobe.
It is a simple science where daily exercize gradually enhances the body's ability to absord oxygen and metabolism increases.
For more information:
http://www.borderlands.com/~christitan/amazingsecrets.html